AiryLark Translation
Provides multilingual translation capabilities for applications by integrating with external translation APIs through a containerized Node.js server.
0Tools
14Findings
23Stars
Mar 19, 2026Last Scanned
5 critical · 6 high · 2 medium · 1 low findings detected
Security Category Deep Dive
Prompt Injection
Prompt & context manipulation attacks
69
Maturity
14
Rules
5
Sub-Categories
1
Gaps
64%
Implemented
56
Tests
1
Stories
100%3 rules
Injection via tool descriptions and parameter fields
GAP-001Prompt Injection Coverage GapMissing detection coverage for emerging prompt injection attack variants not addressed by current rules
100%4 rules
Hidden instructions via external content and tool responses
100%2 rules
Context window saturation and prior-approval exploitation
100%3 rules
Payload hiding via invisible chars, base64, schema fields
100%2 rules
Injection via prompt templates and runtime tool output
Findings14
5critical
6high
2medium
1low
Critical5
criticalC1Command InjectionMCP03-command-injectionAML.T0054
Pattern "`[^`]+`" matched in source_code: "`翻译失败: ${errorMessage}`" (at position 3179)
Replace exec()/execSync() with execFile() and pass arguments as an array, never as a string. Validate all inputs against an allowlist before use in any shell context. For subprocess.run, always pass a list and shell=False.
criticalC2Path TraversalMCP05-privilege-escalation
Pattern "\.\./\.\." matched in source_code: "../.." (at position 908)
Use path.resolve() to canonicalize paths, then verify the result starts with the intended base directory. Reject any input containing '..', null bytes, or encoded variants. Never concatenate user input into file paths.
criticalK14Agent Credential Propagation via Shared StateMCP05-privilege-escalationAML.T0054
Pattern "(process\.env|os\.environ|setenv|putenv).*(?:token|credential|api[_\s-]?key|secret|password)" matched in source_code: "process.env.TRANSLATION_API_KEY" (at position 1127)
Never write credentials to shared agent state. Use credential vaults (HashiCorp Vault, AWS Secrets Manager) with per-agent scoped access. Implement OAuth token exchange (RFC 8693) for cross-agent authorization. Redact credentials from all agent outputs before writing to shared memory. Required by OWASP ASI03/ASI07 and MAESTRO L7.
criticalQ13MCP Bridge Package Supply Chain AttackMCP10-supply-chainAML.T0054
Pattern "["']@modelcontextprotocol/sdk["']\s*:\s*["'](?:\^|~|\*|latest)" matched in source_code: ""@modelcontextprotocol/sdk": "^" (at position 17625)
MCP bridge packages (mcp-remote, mcp-proxy, @modelcontextprotocol/sdk, fastmcp) are high-value supply chain targets — CVE-2025-6514 (CVSS 9.6) in mcp-remote affected 437,000+ installs. Always pin exact versions (no ^ or ~ ranges). Use lockfiles (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, uv.lock). Never run `npx mcp-remote` without version pinning. Verify package integrity with `npm audit` or `pip-audit` before deployment. Reference: CVE-2025-6514, OWASP ASI04.
criticalQ8Cross-Protocol Authentication ConfusionMCP07-insecure-configT1550
Pattern "(?:oauth|bearer).{0,100}(?:api[_\s-]?key|x-api-key|apiKey)" matched in source_code: "Bearer ${apiKey" (at position 4841)
MCP servers supporting multiple protocols must enforce authentication independently per protocol. Never reuse OAuth tokens across protocol boundaries. Implement protocol-specific middleware with explicit auth checks on every path. Audit auth coverage for all transport types (stdio, SSE, Streamable HTTP, REST). Reference: CVE-2025-6514 demonstrated that auth library vulnerabilities in MCP's OAuth layer cascade to all protocols sharing the same auth middleware.
High6
highC3Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)MCP04-data-exfiltrationAML.T0057
Pattern "\bfetch\s*\([^)]*\$\{[^}]*(?:url|uri|host|target|endpoint|param|input|args)[^}]*\}" matched in source_code: "fetch(`${baseUrl}" (at position 4693)
Validate ALL user-supplied URLs before making HTTP requests:
1. Parse the URL and check the hostname against an explicit allowlist of permitted domains.
2. Block requests to RFC 1918 private ranges: 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16.
3. Block loopback (127.0.0.0/8), link-local (169.254.0.0/16), and IPv6 equivalents.
4. Block file:// and other non-http(s) protocols explicitly.
5. Disable automatic redirect following, or re-validate each redirect destination.
6. In cloud environments: block requests to IMDS endpoints (169.254.169.254,
metadata.google.internal) at both the application AND network layer.
Example (Node.js): Use the `ssrf-req-filter` package or implement URL validation
against an allowlist before calling fetch/axios/got.
highI15Transport Session SecurityMCP07-insecure-configAML.T0054
Pattern "session[_\s-]?(token|key|id)\s*[:=]\s*(req\.|params\.|query\.|body\.)" matched in source_code: "sessionId = req." (at position 15868)
Use HTTPS for all MCP Streamable HTTP endpoints. Generate cryptographically random session IDs (min 128 bits entropy). Do not accept session IDs from user input (CVE-2025-6515). Validate TLS certificates — do not disable certificate verification.
highK13Unsanitized Tool OutputMCP02-tool-poisoningAML.T0054
Pattern "(?:readFile|read_file|open).*(?:return|respond|result|content|text)(?!.*(?:sanitize|escape|encode|strip|filter|validate|truncate))" matched in source_code: "OpenAI API请求失败: ${response.status} ${response.statusText} ${errorText" (at position 5294)
Sanitize all external data before including in tool responses. Implement output encoding that neutralizes prompt injection patterns. Truncate excessively long content. Validate structure before passing database results. Apply the principle: treat all external data as untrusted, even in tool outputs. Required by CoSAI MCP-T4.
highO6Server Fingerprinting via Error ResponsesMCP04-data-exfiltrationAML.T0057
Pattern "catch\s*\([^)]*\)\s*\{[^}]*(?:res\.(?:send|json)|return).*(?:err(?:or)?\.(?:message|stack|code)|connection|host|port|database)" matched in source_code: "catch (error) {
console.error('翻译段落失败:', error);
return `[翻译错误: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message" (at position 11283)
Never expose process, OS, runtime, or database metadata in tool responses or error messages. Use generic error messages ("An error occurred") for production responses. Remove or disable debug/diagnostic endpoints. If health endpoints are needed, limit them to simple "ok"/"error" status without infrastructure details. Wrap all error handlers with a sanitization layer that strips system information.
highD1Known CVEs in DependenciesMCP08-dependency-vuln
Dependency "@modelcontextprotocol/sdk@1.8.0" has known CVEs:
Update dependencies to versions that patch known CVEs. Run 'npm audit fix' or 'pip-audit' to identify and resolve vulnerable dependencies.
highN10Incomplete Handshake Denial of ServiceMCP07-insecure-configAML.T0054
Pattern "(?:createServer|listen)\s*\((?!.*(?:maxConnections|maxClients|connectionLimit|MAX_CONN))" matched in source_code: "listen(" (at position 16309)
Enforce a handshake timeout (recommended: 30 seconds) — terminate connections that do not complete the initialize handshake within the deadline. Limit maximum concurrent pending connections. An attacker can exhaust server connection slots by initiating MCP connections without completing the handshake (Slowloris-style attack). Reference: MCP spec 2025-03-26 lifecycle — initialize MUST complete before functional requests.
Medium2
mediumK17Missing Timeout or Circuit BreakerMCP07-insecure-configAML.T0054
Pattern "(?:fetch|axios|got|request|urllib|httpx|http\.get|http\.post)\s*\((?!.*(?:timeout|signal|AbortSignal|deadline|cancel))" matched in source_code: "fetch(" (at position 4693)
Add timeouts to ALL external calls: HTTP requests (30s), database queries (10s), subprocess execution (60s), and MCP tool calls (30s). Implement circuit breakers that open after N consecutive failures (e.g., opossum, cockatiel). Use AbortSignal for cancellable operations. Required by EU AI Act Art. 15 and OWASP ASI08.
mediumC6Error LeakageMCP09-logging-monitoring
Pattern "catch\s*\([^)]*\)\s*\{[^}]*(?:throw|return).*(?:err|error)\.(?:message|stack)" matched in source_code: "catch (error) {
console.error('翻译段落失败:', error);
return `[翻译错误: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message" (at position 11283)
Return generic error messages to clients. Log detailed errors server-side. Never expose stack traces, file paths, or internal error details in responses.
Low1
lowF4MCP Spec Non-ComplianceMCP07-insecure-config
Server fails MCP spec compliance checks: required:server_name; required:server_version; required:protocol_version; recommended:tool_descriptions; recommended:parameter_descriptions
Follow the MCP specification for server metadata. Include server name, version, and protocol version. Provide descriptions for all tools and parameters.